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Enviko Weigh-In-Motion System   Enviko Weigh-In-Motion Layout The direct enforcement system consists of weigh-in-motion inspection station and monitoring center, through PL (private line) or internet. The monitoring site is composed of data acquisition equipment (WIM sensor, ground loop, HD camera, smart ball camera) and data manipulation equipment (WIM controller, vehicle detector, hard disk video, front-end equipment manager) and information display equipment etc. Monitoring center consists of application server, database server, management terminal, HD decoder, display screen hardware and other data platform software. Each monitoring site collects and processes the load, license plate number, image, video and other data of the vehicles passing on the road in real time, and transmits the data to the monitoring center through the optical fiber network.   Weigh-in-motions system working principle  The following is a schematic diagram of how the system works.   The working principle of the weigh-in-motion station 1)Dynamic weighing Dynamic weighing utilizes load cells laid on the road to sense the pressure when the vehicle axle pressure on it. When vehicle drive in the ground loop installed under the road, it is ready to be weighed. When the vehicle tire contacts the load cell, the sensor begins to detect the wheel pressure, generates an electrical signal proportional to the pressure, and after the signal is amplified by the data matching terminal, the axle load information is calculated by the weighing controller. While vehicles left the ground loop, the WIM controller calculate the number of axles, axles weight and vehicle gross weight, and the weighing is completed, sent this vehicle load data to front of manager equipment. While WIM controller can detect both vehicle speed and vehicle type.           2)vehicle image capture/vehicle license plate recognition Vehicle license plate recognition use HD camera to capture vehicle images for license plate number recognition. When the vehicle enters the ground loop, that triggers HD camera in the direction of the front and rear of the vehicle to capture the head, back and side of the vehicle, at the same time, with the fuzzy recognition algorithm to get the license plate number, license plate color and vehicle color etc. HD camera can also assist in detecting vehicle type and driving speed. 3)Video acquisition The integrated ball camera installed on the lane monitoring pole collects the vehicle driving video data in real time and sends it to the monitoring center. 4)Data fusion matching Data processing and storage subsystem receives from WIM controller subsystem, vehicle license plate recognition/capture subsystem and the vehicle load data, vehicle image data and video data of the video monitoring subsystem matches and binds the vehicle load and image data with the license plate number, and at the same time judge whether the vehicle is overloaded and overrun according to the load standard threshold. 5)overrun & overload reminder For the overrun and overload vehicles, the license plate number and overload data sent to the variable information board display, reminding and inducing the driver to drive the vehicles away from the main road and accept the treatment.   System Deployment Design The management department can set vehicle overload and overload monitoring points on roads and bridges according to management needs. The typical equipment deployment mode and connection relationship in one direction of monitoring points are shown in the following figure. Typical deployment of the Enviko WIM system   The system deployment is divided into two parts: the inspection site and the monitoring center, and the two parts are interconnected through the private line network or the Internet provided by the operator. (1)On site detect The inspection site is divided into two sets according to the two driving directions, and each set has four rows of quartz pressure sensors and two sets of ground sensing coils respectively laid on the two lanes of the road. Three F poles and two L poles are erected on the side of the road. Among them, three F bars are installed with weighing inspection prompt boards, information display guidance screens and unloading guide prompt boards, respectively. On the two L bars on the main road are respectively installed with 3 front-end snapshot cameras, 1 side snapshot camera, 1 integrated ball camera, 3 fill lights, and 3 rear snapshot cameras, 3 fill lights. 1 WIM controller, 1industrial computer, 1 vehicle detector, 1 hard disk video recorder, 1 24-port switch, a fiber optic transceiver, power supply and lightning protection grounding equipment are respectively deployed in the roadside control cabinet. 8 high-definition cameras, 1 integrated dome camera, 1 WIM controller, and 1 industrial computer are connected to a 24-port switch through a network cable, and the industrial computer and the vehicle detector are directly connected. The information display guide screen is connected to the 24-port switch through a pair of fiber optic transceivers (2)Monitoring Center The monitoring center deploys 1 switch, 1 database server, 1 control computer, 1 high-definition decoder and 1 set of large screens.   Application process design 1)   The integrated intelligent ball camera collects the road video information of the inspection point in real time, stores it in the hard disk video recorder, and sends the video stream to the monitoring center in real time for real-time display. 2)   When there is a vehicle on the road entering the ground loop in the front row, the ground loop generates an oscillating current, which triggers the license plate recognition/snapshot camera to take pictures of the front, rear and side of the vehicle, and at the same time informs the weighing system to prepare to start weighing; 3)   When the vehicle wheel touches the WIM sensor, the quartz pressure sensor starts to work, collects the pressure signal generated by the wheel, and sends it to the weighing instrument for processing after being amplified by the charge; 4)   After the weighing instrument performs integral conversion and compensation processing on the pressure electrical signal, the information such as the axle weight, gross weight, and number of axles of the vehicle is obtained, and sent to the industrial computer for comprehensive processing; 5)   The license plate recognition/capture camera recognizes the license plate number, license plate color and body color of the vehicle. The results of the identification and the photos of the vehicle are sent to the industrial computer for processing. 6)   The industrial computer matches and binds the data detected by the weighing instrument with the vehicle license plate number and other information, and compares and analyzes the vehicle load standard in the database to determine whether the vehicle is overloaded or not.   7)   If the vehicle is not overloaded, the above information will be stored in the database and sent to the monitoring center database for storage. At the same time, the vehicle license plate number and load information will be sent to the information guidance LED display for vehicle information display. 8)   If the vehicle is overloaded, the road video data within a period of time before and after the weighing will be searched from the hard disk video recorder, bound to the license plate, and sent to the monitoring center database for storage. Go to the information guidance LED display to display the vehicle information, and induce the vehicle to deal with it immediately. 9)    Statistical analysis of on-site monitoring data, generating statistical reports, providing user inquiries, and displaying on the large splicing screen, at the same time, the vehicle overload information can be sent to the external system to facilitate law enforcement processing.   Interface design There are internal and external interface relationships between the various subsystems of the direct enforcement system for vehicle overloading, as well as between the system and the external monitoring center system. The interface relationship is shown in the figure below.  The internal and external interfaces relationship of the system Internal interface design: there has 5 types of the direct enforcement system for vehicle overloading. (1)  Interface between weighing subsystem and information processing and storage subsystem The interface between weighing subsystem and information processing and storage subsystem mainly deals with bidirectional data flow. The information processing and storage subsystem sends equipment control and configuration instructions to the weighing subsystem, and the weighing subsystem sends the measured vehicle axle weight and other information to the information processing and storage subsystem for processing. (2)Interface between license plate recognition/capture subsystem and information processing and storage subsystem The interface between the license plate recognition/capture subsystem and the information processing and storage subsystem mainly deals with bidirectional data flow. Among them, the information processing and storage subsystem sends device control and configuration instructions to the high-definition license plate recognition/capture subsystem, and the high-definition license plate recognition/capture subsystem sends the recognized vehicle license plate, license plate color, vehicle color and other data to the information processing and capture system for processing. ( 3 )Interface between video monitoring subsystem and information processing and storage subsystem The interface between the video monitoring subsystem and the information processing and storage subsystem mainly deals with bidirectional data flow. The information processing and storage subsystem sends equipment control and configuration instructions to the video monitoring subsystem, and the video monitoring subsystem sends data such as law enforcement on-site video information to the information processing and storage subsystem for processing. (4)Interface of Information display guidance subsystem with Information Processing and Storage Subsystem The interface between the information display guidance subsystem with the information processing and storage subsystem mainly deals with one-way data flow. The information processing and storage subsystem sends data such as the license plate, load capacity, overweight and warning and guidance information of vehicles passing on the road to the information display guidance subsystem. (5)Information Processing and Storage Subsystem and Data Management Subsystem Interface The interface between the information processing and storage subsystem and the data management subsystem of the monitoring center mainly deals with bidirectional data flow. Among them, the data management subsystem sends basic data such as data dictionary and control instruction data of field equipment to the information processing and storage subsystem, and the data processing and storage subsystem sends the vehicle weight information, overload data packets, live video data and vehicle images, license plates and other data information collected on site to the data management subsystem. External interface design The vehicle overload direct enforcement system can synchronize the real-time data of the inspection site to other business processing platforms, and can also synchronize the vehicle overload information to the law enforcement system as the basis for law enforcement. Enviko Technology Co.,Ltd E-mail: info@enviko-tech.com https://www.envikotech.com Chengdu Office: No. 2004, Unit 1, Building 2, No. 158, Tianfu 4th Street, Hi-tech Zone, Chengdu Hong Kong Office: 8F, Cheung Wang Building, 251 San Wui Street, Hong Kong

Enviko offers advanced quartz sensor systems for dynamic vehicle weighing applications. Our weigh-in-motion (WIM) solutions provide accurate, reliable vehicle weight measurement for enforcement, toll collection, and traffic management across various road configurations. Accuracy Class Reference (Maximum Permissible Error, MPE) Class 5: ±2.5% (initial), ±5% (in-service) Class 10: ±5% (initial), ±10% (in-service) 4-Row Sensor Layout (Enviko Recommended) Accuracy Class: Class 5 (±2.5% initial, ±5% in-service) Confidence Level: Good Description: Ideal for dynamic weigh in motion law enforcement. Offers reliable performance and stable data collection for axle loads and vehicle total weight. Best Applications:              ▪ Weigh In Motion Enforcement              ▪ Bridge Protection              ▪ Toll Collection 5-Row Sensor Layout Accuracy Class: Class 5 (±2.5% initial, ±5% in-service) Confidence Level: High Description: Delivers excellent precision and reliability with reduced maintenance. Perfect for high-traffic or critical infrastructure points. Best Applications:              ▪Weigh In Motion Enforcement              ▪Toll Collection 3-Row Sensor Layout Accuracy Class: Class 5 Confidence Level: Moderate Description: Slightly less confidence than the 4-row layout but still meets enforcement-level accuracy. Balances cost and performance. Best Applications:              ▪Weigh In Motion Enforcement              ▪Bridge Protection              ▪Toll Collection              ▪Freight Logistics and Fleet Management 2-Row Sensor Layout Accuracy Class: Class 10 (±5% initial, ±10% in-service) Description: Designed for non-enforcement scenarios where dynamic axle load screening is needed. Cost-effective and easy to deploy. Best Applications:              ▪Pre-Selection              ▪Bridge Protection              ▪Data Collection 1-Row Sensor Layout Accuracy Class: Class 10 Description: Lowest-cost solution. Accuracy depends on road flatness. Suitable for basic traffic monitoring or economical weigh in motion systems. Best Applications:              ▪Traffic Data Collection              ▪Pre-Selection              ▪Bridge Protection

Enviko Piezo HSWIM Solution Main Components for the Piezo HSWIM Solution Layout for Piezo HSWIM Solution Details for Piezo HSWIM Solution Main Features of Piezo Sensor: Enviko CET8311 Piezo Traffic Sensor utilizes the piezoelectric effect to deliver precise vehicle data for intelligent transportation systems. This advanced sensor accurately monitors axle count, vehicle speed, classification, and dynamic weighing. Key Advantages of CET8311 Piezo Sensor: High Dynamic Performance: Ideal for high-speed WIM, it precisely detects single-axle data and separates continuous loads. Superior Accuracy & Sensitivity: Responds to vertical forces for accurate measurements, with Class I (WIM) offering ±7% consistency and Class II (Classification) ±20%. Exceptional Durability: Features a fully sealed, robust design with a lifespan of 40-100 million axle loads. Environmental Adaptability: Waterproof, corrosion-resistant, and stable in extreme weather with minimal maintenance. Easy & Cost-Effective Installation: Requires minimal road damage with a small groove size (20×25 mm). Fast Data Processing: Handles high traffic volumes quickly through parallel data processing, preventing missed detections. Versatile Applications: Supports WIM, vehicle classification, speed monitoring, data collection, and tolling. Road Adaptability: Suitable for both concrete and asphalt roads. Enviko Piezo HSWIM Solution detecting information: Date and time, speed, number of axles, axle spacing, vehicle type, axle group weight, total vehicle weight, total axle distance, vehicle length, lane number and driving direction, data record serial number, standard equivalent axle count, violation type code, vehicle acceleration, etc. Technical Parameters Gross Weight Error ≤10% Speed Range 5 - 200 Km/h Load Capacity(per axle) ≥30T Overload Capacity 150% Speed Error ≤±3 Km/h Traffic flow accuracy ≥98% Vehicle Type Classification Error ≤10% Axle Spacing Error ≤±150mm Sensor Service Life ≥40 million axles Mean Time Between Failures ≥20,000 hours Temperature Range -40°C ~ 80°C Humidity Range ≤95%

  The Enviko CET-40 Quartz Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) system offers a cutting-edge solution for dynamic highway vehicle weighing, providing comprehensive data and robust performance for effective overloaded management and WIM direct enforcement. This system, utilizing advanced Enviko CET8312 quartz sensor technology, is designed to enhance road safety, protect infrastructure, and optimize traffic flow. Key Functional Outputs and Capabilities Powered by CET8312 quartz sensors embedded in the road surface, the CET-40 WIM system captures vital vehicle data as they pass over, including: Axle load & axle group weight Vehicle gross weight Axle configuration (e.g., tandem, tridem) Axle spacing and tire count Speed and direction Overload rate and road surface pressure Temperature conditions Vehicle type classification The system's basic principle involves embedding  quartz weighing sensors in the road surface to detect pressure, speed, and horizontal force of each passing vehicle's axle, calculating individual axle weights and the total vehicle weight. This makes it an invaluable tool for overloaded management, allowing authorities to identify and address overloaded vehicles efficiently. System Performance Parameters The Enviko CET-40 boasts impressive technical specifications ensuring reliable and accurate measurements: Maximum Single Axle (Axle Group) Load: 40 tons Minimum Single Axle (Axle Group) Load: 0.5 tons Scale Interval (d): 50 kg Single Axle Overload Capacity: 150% Temperature Range: -40°C to 80°C Relative Humidity Range: 0 to 95% Service Life: Over 10 years (under good road conditions) Accuracy: Class 2: Verification Accuracy ≤±1%, Operating Accuracy ≤±2% for speed range 0.5 - 40 km/h Class 5: Verification Accuracy ≤±2.5%, Operating Accuracy ≤±5% for speed range 0.5 - 200 km/h Notably, the system demonstrates High-Speed Weigh In Motion capabilities, maintaining high accuracy even at elevated speeds. Main Equipment Parameters The CET-40 weigh-in-motion system comprises several key components: CET 8312 Quartz Weighing Sensors: These sensors utilize the piezoelectric effect of quartz crystals to generate an electrical charge when a wheel's weight acts upon them. This charge is then converted into a voltage signal for processing. They are crucial for vehicle wheel axle weighing and auxiliary speed detection. Rated Load (Single Axle): 0.5t - 40t Overload Capacity: 150%FSO Allowable Passing Speed: 0.5 - 200 km/h Protection Level: IP68 CET-SJ402T Vehicle Detector: This component is essential for vehicle separation and system wake-up functions, ensuring accurate judgment of passing vehicles and distinguishing intervals between them. It transmits signals to the quartz weighing controller for joint vehicle detection. Correct rate of vehicle separation judgment by inductive loops (when vehicle spacing ≥ 2m): ≥99% Not affected by adverse weather conditions CET-40 Quartz Weighing Controller: This is the brain of the system, processing signals and data from various sensors and vehicle detectors to calculate axle weight, total weight, and other data. The Enviko CET-40 controller features: Automatic data caching and re-sending capabilities for data uniqueness and integrity Communication Interface: Standard RS232 serial port, COM1 Vehicle separation accuracy:≥99% Vehicle type recognition rate:≥99% Protection class: IP65  Quartz Weighing Control Cabinet: Made of 304 stainless steel, this cabinet houses the weighing controller and other devices, with an integrated air conditioner for temperature, heating, and dehumidification control. It also includes lightning protection and anti-surge impact devices. Temperature Range: -40°C~60°C Relative Humidity Range: 0~95% Application Scenarios The Enviko CET-40 High-Speed Weigh In Motion system is ideal for a variety of applications, particularly in contexts requiring robust overloaded management and support for WIM direct enforcement. Its ability to accurately measure dynamic wheel forces and provide comprehensive vehicle data makes it suitable for: Highway weight enforcement stations Pre-selection for static weighbridges Traffic data collection and analysis Bridge protection and pavement preservation Logistics and fleet management The long service life and high accuracy, even at high speeds, solidify Enviko's CET-40 as a reliable solution for modern traffic management challenges. Enviko Technology Co.,Ltd E-mail: info@enviko-tech.com http://www.enviko-tech.com/ https://www.envikotech.com Chengdu Office: No. 2004, Unit 1, Building 2, No. 158, Tianfu 4th Street, Hi-tech Zone, Chengdu Hong Kong Office: 8F, Cheung Wang Building, 251 San Wui Street, Hong Kong

Enviko offers industry-leading LiDAR technology solutions for real-time vehicle contour detection, delivering high-precision measurements for length, width, and height across a range of highway applications. These systems are designed for highway enforcement, vehicle classification, over-height vehicle detection, traffic data surveys, and collision prevention systems.   Enviko LiDAR Detection Accuracy: Item Measurement Range Measurement Error Speed (km/h) 0~40 Length (mm) 1~33,000 ±1% or ±20 mm Width (mm) 1~4,500 ±1% or ±20 mm Height (mm) 1~5,500 ±1% or ±20 mm Speed (km/h) 0~100 Length (mm) 1~33,000 ≤±300mm Width (mm) 1~4,500 ≤±100mm Height (mm) 1~5,500 ≤±50mm Typical Installation Layouts for Vehicle Measurement Enviko offers flexible LiDAR installation options to suit different site requirements. Multiple setup schemes are available based on the number of LiDAR units and mounting poles. 1. Triple LiDARs with Dual Poles (Recommended) Best for: Highway enforcement, contour accuracy, lane separation. Description: Three LiDARs installed on two poles, covering a wide scanning area with high accuracy. 2. Triple LiDARs with Single Pole Layout Best for: Compact sites or basic vehicle profiling. Description: One pole supports all LiDARs, ideal for limited-space applications. 3.Dual LiDARs with Single Pole Crossover Layout Best for: Cost-effective deployments with minimal infrastructure. Description: LiDARs cross-scan from a single position for moderate accuracy needs. 4. Dual LiDARs with Single Pole Parallel Layout Best for: Vehicle type detection and general profiling. Description: LiDARs scan in parallel directions for consistent detection along one lane. 5. Dual LiDARs with Dual Poles Crossover Layout Best for: Multi-lane traffic management. Description: Two poles enable LiDARs to cross-scan from both sides, improving contour reconstruction and blind spot reduction.

 The Enviko Bridge Health Monitoring System: Ensuring Structural Integrity and Safety The Enviko Bridge Health Monitoring System offers a comprehensive solution aimed at ensuring bridge safety and optimizing maintenance. Main Subsystems The Enviko system comprises the following key subsystems: Environmental Monitoring: This tracks real-time environmental data such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, and ice thickness, providing contextual information for bridge health assessment. Load Monitoring: This is crucial for overloaded management. It uses weigh-in-motion sensors , high-definition cameras, anemometers, seismometers, and structural temperature sensors to monitor vehicle loads, wind loads, seismic loads, structural temperature loads, and even ship collision loads. Quartz sensor and piezo sensor technology ensures accurate loading detection. Structural Response Monitoring: This monitors the bridge's reactions to environmental and operational forces, including displacement, strain, and vibration, providing mechanical state data for strength monitoring and warnings.  Structural Change Monitoring: This tracks physical changes over time in critical bridge components, such as displacement, settlement, cracks, scour, corrosion, wire breaks, and slippage. System Workflow The system operates through an efficient and seamless workflow: Sensors: Various sensors are strategically deployed across the bridge to collect raw environmental, load, and structural data. Data Acquisition and Transmission: Sensor data undergoes signal processing and is reliably transmitted to the monitoring center via wired, wireless, or hybrid communication architectures. Data Pre-processing & Management: Collected data is organized and undergoes initial processing. Data Processing, Analysis and Early Warning: This core component performs in-depth data analysis, including data display, static data management, and critical early warning information management. The system detects anomalies, predicts failures, and assesses load-bearing capacity. For overloaded management, it provides "over-limit alarms" for exceeding safety limits. User Interface: A user-friendly interface, including a dashboard and mobile app, provides access to processed data, safety early warnings, and decision support. Importance Bridge health monitoring systems are paramount for: Enhancing Safety: Continuous monitoring provides early warnings of potential issues, preventing catastrophic failures and ensuring public safety. Informing Maintenance Decisions: Real-time data and assessments optimize resource allocation and extend bridge lifespan. Protecting Infrastructure: Early loading detection (including via weigh-in-motion ) and detection of structural degradation prevents costly damage and ensures the long-term integrity of the bridge. Types of Sensors Utilized Enviko's system incorporates a wide array of sensors for comprehensive monitoring: Environmental Sensors: Temperature and humidity sensors, rain gauges, and ultrasonic ice thickness detectors. Load Monitoring Sensors: Dynamic weigh-in-motion sensors , high-definition cameras, anemometers, seismometers, structural temperature sensors, accelerometers, piezo sensor , and quartz sensor. Structural Response Sensors: Displacement/tilt sensors, strain gauges, cable force sensors, accelerometers, and vibration sensors. Structural Change Sensors: Crack gauges, GNSS positioning devices, ultrasonic detectors, corrosion detectors, and high-definition cameras. Enviko's Versatile Data Acquisition System A key strength of the Enviko system is its adaptable Data Acquisition and processing system. It can collect data from a wide range of sensors and perform necessary signal conditioning and processing. Enviko's acquisition units, such as Static Digital Data Loggers, Weighing Controllers, Vibrating Wire Data Loggers, Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogators, and Dynamic Signal Acquisition Units , are designed to be compatible with various bridge health monitoring sensors, making the Enviko system a versatile and robust solution for diverse bridge types and monitoring requirements. This flexibility in Data Acquisition ensures comprehensive and reliable monitoring for effective bridge management.  

Low-Speed Dynamic Weighing SystemHighway Entrance Pre-inspection A high-precision dynamic and static detection system is built at the front end of the highway entrance, and the freight vehicles passing at the front end of the toll station entrance are subjected to non-stop dynamic weighing detection, vehicle contour detection, monitoring capture, and video surveillance. Effectively protect the safety of roads and people's lives and property. The front-end system realizes rapid detection without interference and without stopping when the vehicle passes, and automatically identifies the vehicle contour information, axle number, total weight, axle type, vehicle speed, license plate number, high-definition pictures of the front of the vehicle, side pictures of the vehicle, high-definition pictures of the rear and other information, and passes the data processing software. Realize the accurate matching of dynamic weighing data and license plate recognition data; At the same time, the information of overrun vehicles is released, and the overrun vehicles are prohibited from entering the highway, effectively reducing the traffic pressure at the entrance of the highway; All vehicles are monitored and filed throughout the process when passing through the detection area, combined with the capture of picture information and weighing information to collect evidence for law enforcement of illegal vehicles, and transmit the evidence collection information to the toll station, which obtains the information of overrun vehicles in real time and makes corresponding measures to prohibit overrun vehicles from entering the highway. At the same time, law enforcement personnel will persuade them to return to achieve the goal of curing and persuading them to return

WIM(Weigh-In-Motion) Accuracy Grades in OIML R134-1 vs Chinese National Standard GB/T 21296 Introduction OIML R134-1 and GB/T 21296.1-2020 are both standards that provide specifications for dynamic weighing systems (WIM) used for highway vehicles. OIML R134-1 is an international standard issued by the International Organization of Legal Metrology, applicable globally. It sets out requirements for WIM systems in terms of accuracy grades, permissible errors, and other technical specifications. GB/T 21296.1-2020, on the other hand, is a Chinese national standard that offers comprehensive technical guidelines and accuracy requirements specific to the Chinese context. This article aims to compare the accuracy grade requirements of these two standards to determine which one imposes stricter accuracy demands for WIM systems. 1.       Accuracy Grades in OIML R134-1 1.1 Accuracy Grades Vehicle Weight: Six accuracy grades: 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 Single Axle Load and Axle Group Load: Six accuracy grades: A, B, C, D, E, F 1.2 Maximum Permissible Error (MPE) Vehicle Weight (Dynamic Weighing): Initial verification: 0.10% - 5.00% In-service inspection: 0.20% - 10.00% Single Axle Load and Axle Group Load (Two-axle Rigid Reference Vehicles): Initial verification: 0.25% - 4.00% In-service inspection: 0.50% - 8.00% 1.3 Scale Interval (d) The scale intervals vary from 5 kg to 200 kg, with the number of intervals ranging from 500 to 5000. 2. Accuracy Grades in GB/T 21296.1-2020 2.1 Accuracy Grades Basic Accuracy Grades for Vehicle Gross Weight: Six accuracy grades: 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 Basic Accuracy Grades for Single Axle Load and Axle Group Load: Six accuracy grades: A, B, C, D, E, F Additional Accuracy Grades: Vehicle gross weight: 7, 15 Single axle load and axle group load: G, H 2.2 Maximum Permissible Error (MPE) Vehicle Gross Weight (Dynamic Weighing): Initial verification: ±0.5d - ±1.5d In-service inspection: ±1.0d - ±3.0d Single Axle Load and Axle Group Load (Two-axle Rigid Reference Vehicles): Initial verification: ±0.25% - ±4.00% In-service inspection: ±0.50% - ±8.00% 2.3 Scale Interval (d) The scale intervals vary from 5 kg to 200 kg, with the number of intervals ranging from 500 to 5000. The minimum scale intervals for vehicle gross weight and partial weighing are 50 kg and 5 kg, respectively. 3. Comparative Analysis of Both Standards 3.1 Types of Accuracy Grades OIML R134-1: Primarily focuses on basic accuracy grades. GB/T 21296.1-2020: Includes both basic and additional accuracy grades, making the classification more detailed and refined. 3.2 Maximum Permissible Error (MPE) OIML R134-1: The range of maximum permissible error for vehicle gross weight is broader. GB/T 21296.1-2020: Provides more specific maximum permissible error for dynamic weighing and stricter requirements for scale intervals. 3.3 Scale Interval and Minimum Weighing OIML R134-1: Provides a broad range of scale intervals and minimum weighing requirements. GB/T 21296.1-2020: Covers the requirements of OIML R134-1 and further specifies the minimum weighing requirements. Conclusion By comparison, GB/T 21296.1-2020 is more stringent and detailed in its accuracy grades, maximum permissible error, scale intervals, and minimum weighing requirements. Therefore, GB/T 21296.1-2020 imposes more rigorous and specific accuracy requirements for dynamic weighing (WIM) than OIML R134-1. Enviko Technology Co.,Ltd E-mail: info@enviko-tech.com https://www.envikotech.com Chengdu Office: No. 2004, Unit 1, Building 2, No. 158, Tianfu 4th Street, Hi-tech Zone, Chengdu Hong Kong Office: 8F, Cheung Wang Building, 251 San Wui Street, Hong Kong